{"id":34982,"date":"2024-09-17T15:06:20","date_gmt":"2024-09-17T08:06:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jupitek.maudemo.vip\/index.php\/2024\/09\/17\/introduction-to-jinja-templates-for-salt\/"},"modified":"2024-09-17T15:06:20","modified_gmt":"2024-09-17T08:06:20","slug":"introduction-to-jinja-templates-for-salt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jupitek.maudemo.vip\/index.php\/2024\/09\/17\/introduction-to-jinja-templates-for-salt\/","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Jinja Templates trong Salt"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u1eabu<\/a><\/h2>\n

Jinja l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1eabu linh ho\u1ea1t cho Python c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 HTML, XML v\u00e0 YAML. C\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1eabu nh\u01b0 Jinja cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n ch\u00e8n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00fang c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh logic ho\u1eb7c lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh m\u00f4-\u0111un cao h\u01a1n. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a Jinja ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u00e3 trong c\u00e1c m\u1eabu v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u ra cho t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u1ea1o trang web trong ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac Model View Controller<\/em> . Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1eabu x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ngu\u1ed3n, nh\u01b0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u1eabu web bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p HTML v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1eabu. Hai ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o trang web cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1eabu kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf c\u00e1c trang web. Salt, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Python, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 Jinja \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Salt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1eabu Jinja \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong Salt. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a quen v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Salt, h\u00e3y xem l\u1ea1i H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 Salt<\/a> tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Salt c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh trong h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng h\u1eefu \u00edch khi xem l\u1ea1i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi Salt – C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/a> .<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 Jinja<\/a><\/h2>\n

Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 c\u00fa ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Jinja c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Jinja v\u00e0 Salt. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 Jinja, h\u00e3y tham kh\u1ea3o T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Jinja Template Designer<\/a> .<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 Salt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh vi m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o m\u1eabu Jinja. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Jinja m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Salt. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong t\u1ec7p c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh Salt:<\/p>\n

# Default Jinja environment options for all templates except sls templates\n#jinja_env:\n#  block_start_string: '{%'\n#  block_end_string: '%}'\n#  variable_start_string: '{{'\n#  variable_end_string: '}}'\n#  comment_start_string: '{#'\n#  comment_end_string: '#}'\n#  line_statement_prefix:\n#  line_comment_prefix:\n#  trim_blocks: False\n#  lstrip_blocks: False\n#  newline_sequence: '\\n'\n#  keep_trailing_newline: False\n\n# Jinja environment options for sls templates\n#jinja_sls_env:\n#  block_start_string: '{%'\n#  block_end_string: '%}'\n#  variable_start_string: '{{'\n#  variable_end_string: '}}'\n#  comment_start_string: '{#'\n#  comment_end_string: '#}'\n#  line_statement_prefix:\n#  line_comment_prefix:\n#  trim_blocks: False\n#  lstrip_blocks: False<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ghi ch\u00fa: Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a Jinja v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Salt c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o xem l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 Salt v\u00e0 Jinja<\/a> c\u1ee7a h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Salt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Salt n\u00e2ng cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh m\u00f4-\u0111un v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Jinja v\u00e0 Salt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
D\u1ea5u ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch<\/a><\/h3>\n
C\u00e1c d\u1ea5u ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1eabu v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 HTML ho\u1eb7c YAML. Jinja s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch sau:<\/p>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
C\u00fa ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch<\/th>\nC\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
{% ... %}<\/code><\/td>\nC\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
{{ ... }}<\/code><\/td>\nC\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ebd in ra \u0111\u1ea7u ra m\u1eabu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
{# ... #}<\/code><\/td>\nC\u00e1c b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o m\u1eabu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
# ... ##<\/code><\/td>\nC\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh d\u00f2ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n
Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 t\u1ec7p tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Salt n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00fa ph\u00e1p Jinja v\u1edbi YAML nh\u1edd c\u00e1c {% ... %}<\/code>d\u1ea5u ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch bao quanh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n if\/else:<\/p>\n
{% if grains['group'] == 'admin' %}\n    America\/Denver:\n        timezone.system:\n{% else %}\n    Europe\/Minsk:\n        timezone.system:\n{% endif %}<\/code><\/pre>\n
Xem ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n
Bi\u1ebfn m\u1eabu<\/a><\/h3>\n
Bi\u1ebfn m\u1eabu c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n th\u00f4ng qua t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu. T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1eabu. C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m:<\/p>\n
{{ foo.bar }}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ho\u1eb7c ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng c\u00fa ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u1edbi:<\/p>\n
{{ foo['bar'] }}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Salt cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ebfn ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n theo m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u1ec7p tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Salt ho\u1eb7c m\u1eabu t\u1ec7p n\u00e0o:<\/p>\n
Salt<\/strong> : salt<\/code>Bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c h\u00e0m th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Salt<\/a> m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd .<\/p>\n
{{ salt['pw_user.list_groups']('jdoe') }} <\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n
B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y salt '*' sys.doc<\/code>t\u1eeb Salt master \u0111\u1ec3 xem danh s\u00e1ch t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n.<\/p>\n
Opts<\/strong> : Bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n cung c\u1ea5p quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a t\u1ec7p c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh<\/a>opts<\/code> minion Salt :<\/p>\n
{{ opts['log_file'] }} <\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n
V\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ec7p c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a minion l\u00e0 \/etc\/salt\/minion<\/code>.<\/p>\n
Tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t<\/strong> : Bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t<\/a>pillar<\/code> c\u1ee7a Salt :<\/p>\n
{{ pillar['my_key'] }}<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n
 <\/code>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9t, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng pillar.get<\/code>h\u00e0m th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Salt, v\u00ec n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u1eefu \u00edch khi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong c\u1ed9t:<\/p>\n
{{ salt['pillar.get']('my_key', 'default_value') }}<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n
Grains<\/strong> : grains<\/code>Bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ea1t<\/a> c\u1ee7a minion :<\/p>\n
{{ grains['shell'] }}<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n
grains.get<\/code>B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0m th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Salt \u0111\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ea1t:<\/p>\n
{{ salt['grains.get']('shell') }}<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n
Saltenv<\/strong> : B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng salt cho minion trong t\u1ec7p top c\u1ee7a Salt master, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 base<\/code>, prod<\/code>, dev<\/code>v\u00e0 test<\/code>. saltenv<\/code>Bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Salt hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i trong t\u1ec7p tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Salt. Bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Salt.<\/p>\n
{{ saltenv }}<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n
SLS<\/strong> : V\u1edbi sls<\/code>bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tham chi\u1ebfu cho t\u1ec7p tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: apache<\/code>, webserver<\/code>, v.v.). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong t\u1ec7p top \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 minion v\u00e0o t\u1ec7p tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng qua include<\/code>t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn trong t\u1ec7p tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/p>\n
{{ sls }}<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n
Slspath<\/strong> : Bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ec7p tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n
{{ slspath }}<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n
G\u00e1n bi\u1ebfn<\/a><\/h3>\n
B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebb set<\/code>c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi d\u1ea5u ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u00fa ph\u00e1p sau:<\/p>\n
{% set var_name = myvalue %}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean Python<\/a> khi t\u1ea1o t\u00ean bi\u1ebfn. N\u1ebfu bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n \u1edf c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu, ph\u00e9p g\u00e1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp b\u1edfi c\u00e1c m\u1eabu kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi h\u00e0m th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n bi\u1ebfn m\u1eabu<\/a> Salt \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
{% set username = salt['user.info']('username') %}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
B\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc<\/a><\/h3>\n
B\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1eabu n\u00e0o th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t |<\/code>k\u00fd t\u1ef1. B\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i chu\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i s\u1ed1 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn trong d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n. Khi n\u1ed1i chu\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n
{{ '\/etc\/salt\/' | list_files | join('\\n') }}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 danh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec7 quy c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p trong th\u01b0 \/etc\/salt\/<\/code>m\u1ee5c. M\u1ed7i m\u1ee5c danh s\u00e1ch s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
  \/etc\/salt\/master\n  \/etc\/salt\/proxy\n  \/etc\/salt\/minion\n  \/etc\/salt\/pillar\/top.sls\n  \/etc\/salt\/pillar\/device1.sls\n  <\/code><\/pre>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft danh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc Jinja t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, h\u00e3y tham kh\u1ea3o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1eabu Jinja<\/a> . T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Salt bao g\u1ed3m danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc Jinja t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh<\/a> .<\/p>\n
Macro<\/a><\/h3>\n
Macro l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu nh\u1ecf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i khi t\u1ea1o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh macro trong c\u00e1c m\u1eabu Jinja \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c macro trong c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n
{% macro mysql_privs(user, grant=select, database, host=localhost) %}\n{{ user }}_exampledb:\n   mysql_grants.present:\n    - grant: {{ grant }}\n    - database: {{ database }}\n    - user: {{user}}\n    - host: {{ host }}\n{% endmacro %}<\/code><\/pre>\n
{% import \"\/srv\/salt\/mysql\/db_macro.sls\" as db -%}\n\ndb.mysql_privs('jane','exampledb.*','select,insert,update')<\/code><\/pre>\n
Macro mysql_privs()<\/code>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong db_macro.sls<\/code>t\u1ec7p. Sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o db<\/code>bi\u1ebfn trong db_privs.sls<\/code>t\u1ec7p tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i MySQL grants<\/code>cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n
Tham kh\u1ea3o ph\u1ea7n Nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 Bao g\u1ed3m<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp m\u1eabu v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 Bao g\u1ed3m<\/a><\/h3>\n
Nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u<\/strong><\/p>\n
Nh\u1eadp trong Jinja t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eadp trong Python. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1eabu, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c macro \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong t\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n
{% import '\/srv\/salt\/users.sls' as users %}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd nh\u1eadp t\u1ec7p tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i users.sls<\/code>v\u00e0o bi\u1ebfn users<\/code>. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 macro \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u1eabu s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m.<\/p>\n
B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c macro c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n
{% from '\/srv\/salt\/user.sls' import mysql_privs as grants %}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
L\u1ec7nh nh\u1eadp n\u00e0y nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o macro mysql_privs<\/code>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong user.sls<\/code>t\u1ec7p tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p cho m\u1eabu hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi grants<\/code>bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n
Bao g\u1ed3m<\/strong><\/p>\n
Th\u1ebb n\u00e0y {% include %}<\/code>hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u00e0 th\u1ebb include \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai b\u00e1o. Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebb, {% include %}<\/code>ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu include \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eabu \u0111ang g\u1ecdi.<\/p>\n
include:\n  - groups\n\n{% include 'users.sls' %}<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ghi ch\u00fa: M\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham chi\u1ebfu b\u1edfi th\u1ebb Jinja include<\/code>c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Saltfile_roots<\/code><\/a> ; s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1eeb t\u1ec7p tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ed7i. \u0110\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p trong c\u00f9ng th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c v\u1edbi t\u1ec7p tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n
{% include slspath + \"\/users.sls\" %}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ngo\u00e0i ra, l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng Salt c\u00f3 khai b\u00e1o <\/a>g\u1ed1c ri\u00eanginclude<\/code><\/a> , \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi . c\u1ee7a Jinja include<\/code>.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh<\/strong><\/p>\n
Theo m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n nh\u1eadp s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp, v\u00ec c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi \u0111\u00e8 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam with context<\/code>v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n
{% from '\/srv\/salt\/user.sls' import mysql_privs with context %}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n x\u00f3a ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh kh\u1ecfi {% include %}<\/code>, h\u00e3y th\u00eam without context<\/code>:<\/p>\n
{% include 'users.sls' without context %}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng<\/a><\/h3>\n
Jinja cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t. Theo m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh, Jinja x\u00f3a c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng m\u1edbi theo sau v\u00e0 gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 tab, kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng m\u1edbi. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1eabu Jinja c\u1ee7a Salt x\u1eed l\u00fd kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng trong t\u1ec7p c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Salt<\/a> . M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng l\u00e0:<\/p>\n