{"id":34963,"date":"2024-09-10T14:37:17","date_gmt":"2024-09-10T07:37:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jupitek.maudemo.vip\/index.php\/2024\/09\/10\/using-the-linode-packer-builder-to-create-custom-images\/"},"modified":"2024-09-10T14:37:17","modified_gmt":"2024-09-10T07:37:17","slug":"using-the-linode-packer-builder-to-create-custom-images","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jupitek.maudemo.vip\/index.php\/2024\/09\/10\/using-the-linode-packer-builder-to-create-custom-images\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Linode Packer Builder \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o Custom Images"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Packer<\/a><\/h2>\n

Packer<\/a> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf do HashiCorp duy tr\u00ec, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u00e1y. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u00e1y cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 t\u1ec7p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u00e1y \u1ea3o s\u1ebd ch\u1ea1y sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai. Packer c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 Chef, Puppet ho\u1eb7c Ansible \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0o Linode c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

M\u1eabu<\/em> Packer l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ec7p m\u1eabu \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n duy tr\u00ec c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng <\/a>ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/a> c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n .<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Linode Packer<\/a><\/h2>\n

Trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Packer, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/a> c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3. Packer c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh cho m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Linode<\/a> t\u00edch h\u1ee3p Packer v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng Linode. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p Packer tri\u1ec3n khai Linode t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi tr\u00ean t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n (s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o APIv4), c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Linode theo c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 trong t\u1ec7p m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Linode \u0111\u00f3. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o Linode Images<\/a> tr\u00ean t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u00e1c Linode m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u<\/a><\/h2>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1ea1n quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t Packer, t\u1ea1o t\u1ec7p m\u1eabu, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n khai h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00ean Linode m\u1edbi. \u0110i xa h\u01a1n, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 Ansible v\u1edbi Packer. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, h\u00e3y xem l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u sau:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o cURL<\/a> tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
  2. T\u1ea1o m\u00e3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o truy c\u1eadp Linode API v4 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecdc\/ghi cho c\u1ea3 Linode<\/em> v\u00e0 Images<\/em> . B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m theo ph\u1ea7n Nh\u1eadn m\u00e3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o truy c\u1eadp<\/a> c\u1ee7a h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi Linode API<\/a> n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3.<\/li>\n
  3. T\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn:<\/em> \u0110\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean TOKEN<\/code>trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng shell c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea1y l\u1ec7nh sau. Thay th\u1ebf x<\/em> b\u1eb1ng m\u00e3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o API c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    export TOKEN=x<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Ghi ch\u00fa: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ec7nh v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p trong h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thay th\u1ebf $TOKEN<\/code>b\u1eb1ng m\u00e3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o API c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n
    C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t Packer<\/a><\/h2>\n
    C\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn sau \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Packer m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Mac, Ubuntu ho\u1eb7c CentOS. \u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n, h\u00e3y xem t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Packer<\/a> v\u00e0 trang web T\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng Packer<\/a> .<\/p>\n
    M\u00e1y Mac<\/a><\/h3>\n
    \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t Packer tr\u00ean Mac, Homebrew<\/a> s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Ch\u1ea1y c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh sau tr\u00ean terminal c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n:<\/p>\n
    brew tap hashicorp\/tap\nbrew install hashicorp\/tap\/packer\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Ubuntu<\/a><\/h3>\n
    curl -fsSL https:\/\/apt.releases.hashicorp.com\/gpg | sudo apt-key add -\nsudo apt-add-repository \"deb [arch=amd64] https:\/\/apt.releases.hashicorp.com $(lsb_release -cs) main\"\nsudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install packer\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    CentOS\/RHEL<\/a><\/h3>\n
    sudo yum install -y yum-utils\nsudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https:\/\/rpm.releases.hashicorp.com\/RHEL\/hashicorp.repo\nsudo yum -y install packer\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    X\u00e1c minh c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t<\/a><\/h3>\n
    X\u00e1c minh Packer \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea1y l\u1ec7nh packer --version<\/code>. L\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t ra s\u1ed1 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n cho l\u1ea7n c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t Packer n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 1.7.2.<\/p>\n
    X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu cho Packer<\/a><\/h2>\n
    B\u00e2y gi\u1edd Packer \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu<\/a> Packer . M\u1eabu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u00e1y. M\u1eabu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng theo JSON<\/a> ho\u1eb7c HCL2<\/a> (Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh Hashicorp). K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb Packer v1.7.0, \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng m\u1eabu HCL2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
    Ghi ch\u00fa: C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc trong ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t sinh chi ph\u00ed li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai Linode 1GB<\/a> (Nanode). Linode s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ee5p nhanh h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb x\u00f3a. Xem h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Thanh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 L\u1eadp h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n<\/a> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh n\u0103ng l\u1eadp h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n theo gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n
    T\u1ea1o t\u1ec7p m\u1eabu<\/a><\/h3>\n
    T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p c\u00f3 t\u00ean example.pkr.hcl<\/code>. T\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e2u, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 t\u00ean packer<\/code>trong th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda t\u1ec7p n\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c d\u00e1n n\u1ed9i dung sau:<\/p>\n
    variable \"linode_api_token\" {\n  type    = string\n  default = \"\"\n}\n\nsource \"linode\" \"example\" {\n  image             = \"linode\/debian10\"\n  image_description = \"This image was created using Packer.\"\n  image_label       = \"packer-debian-10\"\n  instance_label    = \"temp-packer-debian-10\"\n  instance_type     = \"g6-nanode-1\"\n  linode_token      = \"${var.linode_api_token}\"\n  region            = \"us-east\"\n  ssh_username      = \"root\"\n}\n\nbuild {\n  sources = [\"source.linode.example\"]\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i m\u1eabu<\/a><\/h3>\n
    T\u1ec7p m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng HCL2 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u1ed1i<\/a> . M\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cho plugin x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u1ed1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u1eabu:<\/p>\n