{"id":34930,"date":"2024-08-28T14:39:37","date_gmt":"2024-08-28T07:39:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jupitek.maudemo.vip\/index.php\/2024\/08\/28\/pulumi-vs-terraform\/"},"modified":"2024-08-28T14:39:37","modified_gmt":"2024-08-28T07:39:37","slug":"pulumi-vs-terraform","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jupitek.maudemo.vip\/index.php\/2024\/08\/28\/pulumi-vs-terraform\/","title":{"rendered":"So s\u00e1nh Pulumi v\u1edbi Terraform"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng M\u00e3<\/em> (IaC) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0110\u00e1m m\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a thay v\u00ec th\u00f4ng qua c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c t\u00f9y \u00fd. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 IaC \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1eadp l\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb7c t\u1ec7p c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh. Nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng M\u00e3, m\u1ed7i gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu ri\u00eang. Hai c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 IaC th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 l\u00e0 Terraform<\/em><\/a> t\u1eeb HashiCorp v\u00e0 Pulumi<\/em><\/a> t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Terraform v\u00e0 Pulumi, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu \u00edch.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u00e3<\/a><\/h2>\n

Infrastructure as Code qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd th\u00f4ng qua t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a. IaC t\u00edch h\u1ee3p r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m DevOps<\/em> , t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. IaC t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ea1ng, gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n m\u1ea1ng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tri\u1ebft l\u00fd IaC, nh\u00f3m DevOps l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 IaC n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tri\u1ec3n khai n\u00e0o. Pulumi v\u00e0 Terraform \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng M\u00e3 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1 kh\u00e1c nhau. Pulumi cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quen thu\u1ed9c, trong khi Terraform \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef khai b\u00e1o ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m DevOps c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t trong hai. C\u1ea3 hai c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng nhau nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1ee7i ro ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp, v\u1edbi c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p gia t\u0103ng. \u0110\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch hai \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn s\u1ebd so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu ch\u00fang tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5p cao.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Terraform<\/a><\/h2>\n

Terraform l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 IaC ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng. Terraform kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u00ean b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0o. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, Terraform \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o, s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7. N\u00f3 r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/em> (SDN) n\u01a1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u1ea3o h\u00f3a. Terraform c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp DNS. \u0110\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, Terraform \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ban \u0111\u1ea7u, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef si\u00eau d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng. Terraform \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Terraform<\/a><\/h3>\n

Terraform th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. Terraform m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n \u00edch b\u1ed5 sung, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u1edbp c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi ch\u1ea1y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111a t\u1ea7ng. Terraform \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y, do \u0111\u00f3 t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t. S\u1ef1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong Terraform khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n demo v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c. Terraform c\u0169ng thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n khi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

Terraform ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/a><\/h3>\n

Terraform s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khai b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c t\u1ec7p Terraform m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3. Terraform ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p. B\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh HashiCorp<\/em> (HCL), m\u00e0 Terraform khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb, ho\u1eb7c JSON. HCL l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean trong m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng HCL. T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng \u1ea3o. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh, HCL cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1ed1i s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c. Kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. \u0110\u1ed1i s\u1ed1 g\u00e1n m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c cho m\u1ed9t m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh. HCL kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, Terraform s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p<\/em> , c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c do c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 c\u00e1c API \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 khai b\u00e1o m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang cho ph\u00e9p Terraform qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n \u00edch chung, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p Terraform, bao g\u1ed3m Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p Linode<\/em><\/a> , \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp th\u00f4ng qua Terraform Registry<\/em><\/a> . B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. T\u1ec7p Terraform, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n .tf<\/code>m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch Terraform c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p Linode:<\/p>\n

provider \"linode\" {\n  token = \"YOUR_LINODE_API_TOKEN\"\n}\n\nresource \"linode_instance\" \"terraform-web\" {\n        image = \"linode\/ubuntu20.04\"\n        label = \"Terraform-Web-Example\"\n        group = \"Terraform\"\n        region = \"us-east\"\n        type = \"g6-standard-1\"\n        authorized_keys = [ \"YOUR_PUBLIC_SSH_KEY\" ]\n        root_pass = \"YOUR_ROOT_PASSWORD\"\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
Quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Terraform<\/a><\/h3>\n
C\u00f3 ba b\u01b0\u1edbc trong quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Terraform:<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. Vi\u1ebft – Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng HCL. C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
  2. Plan – Xem tr\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng terraform plan<\/code>. L\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y nh\u1eafc Terraform ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00f3a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh song song.<\/li>\n
  3. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng – Khi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng terraform apply<\/code>\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh t\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean qua l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh. Khi c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, Terraform s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ecdc, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 x\u00f3a<\/em> (CRUD) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng. Terraform x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch gia t\u0103ng gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n. B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, terraform init<\/code>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 khi m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft n\u1eefa, terraform destroy<\/code>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n
    Terraform v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c<\/a><\/h3>\n
    M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Terraform kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. Terraform cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c m\u1ea1ng c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n, trong khi c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean t\u1eebng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 Terraform kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh. Terraform cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Terraform Cloud tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed, mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed cho t\u1ed1i \u0111a n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Cloud h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Terraform v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam kh\u00f4ng gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n
    Linode cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 Terraform<\/a> , gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Terraform.<\/p>\n
    Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Pulumi<\/a><\/h2>\n
    T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 Terraform, Pulumi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 IaC ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y, container, c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. Pulumi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Pulumi cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quen thu\u1ed9c. C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng JavaScript, Typescript, Python, Go ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef .NET n\u00e0o, bao g\u1ed3m C#. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c IDE, khung th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u1edbi Pulumi.<\/p>\n
    C\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Pulumi<\/a><\/h3>\n
    Pulumi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p t\u00edch h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y m\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng qua b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/em> Pulumi (SDK). C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a DevOps, v\u00ec nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1edbi n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n
    V\u1edbi Pulumi, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai l\u00ean b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y n\u00e0o, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CI\/CD v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Pulumi cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e2ng cao nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m tra, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p danh t\u00ednh. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra ho\u1eb7c \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p nhanh v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u, d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u00ed m\u1eadt.<\/p>\n
    Pulumi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/a><\/h3>\n
    Pulumi tu\u00e2n theo “m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i mong mu\u1ed1n”. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, n\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee7a Pulumi so s\u00e1nh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Python, th\u1ef1c thi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, trong khi c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tri\u1ec3n khai Pulumi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb. Sau khi tri\u1ec3n khai, Pulumi c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 xem c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u1edbi. M\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh c\u1eafm th\u00eam t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh cho c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tri\u1ec3n khai s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1eafm th\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. C\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng b\u1eb1ng l\u1ec7nh pulumi up<\/code>. Pulumi th\u1ef1c thi c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, trong khi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c. Pulumi kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n
    Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a Pulumi<\/a><\/h3>\n
    M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac ch\u00ednh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 Pulumi bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. M\u1ed7i m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/em> Pulumi . \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 si\u00eau d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y ch\u00fang. M\u1ed7i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t pulumi.yaml<\/code>t\u1ec7p c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh trong th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ho\u1eb7c trong th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c cha. T\u1ec7p YAML ch\u1ec9 ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. L\u1ec7nh pulumi new<\/code>t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o t\u1ec7p c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n
    C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 JavaScript ho\u1eb7c Python. M\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u1edbi. T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean<\/em> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 CPU, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ho\u1eb7c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh<\/em> nh\u01b0 Google Cloud ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/em> , l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 Kubernetes Cluster. Pulumi SDK ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed7i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh. M\u1ed7i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau.<\/p>\n
    B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 stack<\/em> , b\u1eb1ng pulumi up<\/code>l\u1ec7nh. Stack bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tri\u1ec3n khai ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Pulumi t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t stack m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho m\u1ed7i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u stack trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Stack th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng l\u1ec7nh pulumi stack init <stackName><\/code>, trong \u0111\u00f3 <stackname><\/code>l\u00e0 t\u00ean duy nh\u1ea5t cho stack m\u1edbi. M\u1ed7i stack ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u1ec7p YAML ri\u00eang ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 stack. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Pulumi tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, do \u0111\u00f3 pulumi up<\/code>lu\u00f4n t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n tri\u1ec3n khai d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 si\u00eau d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
    C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c, trong khi c\u00e1c tham chi\u1ebfu ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp cho ph\u00e9p truy c\u1eadp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng l\u1ec7nh stack ls<\/code>ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea1y pulumi stack<\/code>\u0111\u1ec3 xem chi ti\u1ebft ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp. pulumi destroy<\/code>L\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00f3a m\u1ecdi t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00f3a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng l\u1ec7nh plum stack rm<\/code>.<\/p>\n
    Pulumi l\u01b0u tr\u1eef si\u00eau d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/em> , \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 do b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn. Pulumi khuy\u00ean b\u1ea1n n\u00ean l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec7n \u00edch Pulumi Service c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kh\u00e1c. Pulumi Service cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadp t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, l\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p nhanh, m\u00e3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u, d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u00ed m\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Pulumi, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n Pulumi.<\/p>\n
    Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Pulumi v\u00e0 JavaScript \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o Linode:<\/p>\n
    const linode = require(\"@pulumi\/linode\")\nconst domain = new linode.Domain(\"my-domain\", {\n  domain: \"foobar.example\",\n  soaEmail: \"example@foobar.example\",\n  type: \"master\",\n});<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong Python:<\/p>\n
    import pulumi_linode as linode\ndomain = linode.Domain(\"my-domain\",\n  domain='foobar.example',\n  soa_email='example@foobar.example',\n  type='master',\n)<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Pulumi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c<\/a><\/h3>\n
    Pulumi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y. Pulumi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c container Docker, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
    Pulumi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m Pulumi for Teams tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng chia s\u1ebb m\u00e3, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p Git v\u00e0 Slack v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tri\u1ec3n khai CI\/CD. Pulumi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Pulumi Console tr\u00ean web \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. Pulumi CLI s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y theo m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n
    Linode cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Pulumi<\/a> . H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5.<\/p>\n
    So s\u00e1nh Terraform v\u00e0 Pulumi<\/a><\/h2>\n
    Terraform v\u00e0 Pulumi c\u00f3 chung m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ed1t c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0111a \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y. C\u1ea3 hai c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh mong mu\u1ed1n, ghi nh\u1edb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi b\u1ea3n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt. C\u1ea3 Terraform v\u00e0 Pulumi \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng x\u1eed l\u00fd qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Docker, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u m\u1ed1i lo ng\u1ea1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
    S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa hai \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Trong Terraform, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef khai b\u00e1o HCL. Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Pulumi, c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Python, Go ho\u1eb7c C#. Terraform v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef HCL \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u00e3 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n, trong khi Pulumi cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 do m\u00e3 h\u00f3a l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. V\u00ec Pulumi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd n\u00ean n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u1edbp ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng HCL r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f3 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y h\u01a1n. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e2ng cao n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c n\u00e2ng cao h\u01a1n. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng Pulumi Console gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tri\u1ec3n khai d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. Ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Terraform Cloud \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, th\u00f4ng tin tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Terraform ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u00ean \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n
    Pulumi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1eadp l\u1ec7nh c\u0169 v\u00ec n\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0o. C\u00e1c ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ed7i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Terraform kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 d\u1ec5 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i h\u01a1n. Terraform c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh m\u00f4-\u0111un h\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n
    Pulumi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p Terraform \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi Terraform. N\u00f3 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n cung c\u1ea5p tf2pulumi<\/code>ti\u1ec7n \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i HCL sang \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi Pulumi.<\/p>\n
    M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 IaC kh\u00e1c nhau. Terraform v\u00e0 Pulumi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu th\u00eam theo c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u sau.<\/p>\n
    Ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf so v\u1edbi t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i<\/a><\/h3>\n
    C\u1ea3 Pulumi v\u00e0 Terraform \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u1edf \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed cao c\u1ea5p bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a. Terraform Cloud h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Cloud l\u00e0 mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed, trong khi c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed. Pulumi for Teams c\u0169ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
    C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/h3>\n
    Terraform \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Go. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef HCL c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang n\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng JSON. Pulumi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng Typescript, Python v\u00e0 Go, v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng JavaScript, Typescript, Python, Go ho\u1eb7c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef .NET. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef khai b\u00e1o t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang n\u00f3.<\/p>\n
    C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p Terraform \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp th\u00f4ng qua Terraform Registry. Pulumi SDK ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n
    C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn mang t\u00ednh tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 so v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn mang t\u00ednh m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh<\/a><\/h3>\n
    M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p Pulumi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Python, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khai b\u00e1o. T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng Terraform th\u00ec \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. C\u00e1c t\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft theo c\u00e1ch khai b\u00e1o. C\u00e1c t\u1ec7p ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng. Trong Pulumi, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c m\u1ea1ng. M\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng cho Pulumi bi\u1ebft l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n
    C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i so v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/a><\/h3>\n
    C\u1ea3 hai c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i sau khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea3 Pulumi v\u00e0 Terraform \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn, ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thay v\u00ec c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh thanh l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y, v\u00ec n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c thi t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh tr\u00f4i m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n
    Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0 k\u00e9o<\/a><\/h3>\n
    C\u1ea3 Terraform v\u00e0 Pulumi \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea9y. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau.<\/p>\n
    T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/a><\/h3>\n
    \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 Terraform c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf. Terraform \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n. Pulumi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Pulumi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1edbi h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n
    L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa Terraform v\u00e0 Pulumi<\/a><\/h2>\n
    M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Terraform v\u00e0 Pulumi c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau IaC r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Do \u0111\u00f3, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng gi\u1eefa hai c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch nh\u00f3m DevOps c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef khai b\u00e1o m\u1edbi, Terraform l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1eadp l\u1ec7nh, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Pulumi t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0o m\u00e3, th\u00ec Pulumi l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t trong hai c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho Terraform. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Pulumi \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u0111ang t\u1ef1 \u00fd c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi Terraform, v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n nhanh ch\u00f3ng. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 IaC lu\u00f4n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c sau m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai n\u0103m.<\/p>\n
    V\u00ec Pulumi t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Terraform \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0, n\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f9ng nhau. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea1ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n cho Terraform, trong khi \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Pulumi. Nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n
    Th\u00f4ng tin th\u00eam<\/h2>\n
    B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1n tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n sau \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cung c\u1ea5p v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang s\u1ebd h\u1eefu \u00edch, nh\u01b0ng xin l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n