{"id":34883,"date":"2024-08-16T10:59:23","date_gmt":"2024-08-16T03:59:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jupitek.maudemo.vip\/index.php\/2024\/08\/16\/why-you-should-use-apache-spark-for-data-analytics\/"},"modified":"2024-08-16T10:59:23","modified_gmt":"2024-08-16T03:59:23","slug":"why-you-should-use-apache-spark-for-data-analytics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jupitek.maudemo.vip\/index.php\/2024\/08\/16\/why-you-should-use-apache-spark-for-data-analytics\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Apache Spark cho Data Analytics"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, Apache Spark<\/a> \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Spark bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n cho truy v\u1ea5n SQL, h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y, \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd lu\u1ed3ng. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 Spark v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Apache Spark l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/h2>\n

Spark l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 cao. B\u1ed9 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Spark c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng trung t\u00e2m trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Ghi ch\u00fa: Trong h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cApache Spark\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cSpark\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thay th\u1ebf cho nhau.<\/p>\n

Spark l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf Berkeley c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eb7ng cho Apache. Apache ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c duy tr\u00ec, tinh ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Spark s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee5m v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ec7p ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m, n\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 Hadoop, Kubernetes ho\u1eb7c Apache Mesos. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng duy nh\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 theo c\u00e1ch song song, v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00f3 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7. M\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m Spark c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Spark s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn driver-executor. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh driver<\/em> ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea5p cao. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 Spark Core ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n ch\u1ea1y. N\u00f3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y cho c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh executor<\/em> \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean c\u1ee5m. C\u00e1c executor tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gia t\u0103ng cho c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Spark c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Spark bao g\u1ed3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh b\u00e1n l\u1ebb, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Apache Spark ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/h3>\n

Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Spark l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 Spark Core<\/em> . Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 Spark kh\u00e1c nhau. Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Spark Core bao g\u1ed3m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb, l\u1eadp l\u1ecbch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, truy c\u1eadp l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o\/\u0111\u1ea7u ra. Spark Core \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c API c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n cho Java, Scala, Python ho\u1eb7c R. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi API Python, c\u1ea3 NumPy<\/a> v\u00e0 Pandas<\/a> \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Spark \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c xung quanh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i<\/em> (RDD). RDD l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 multiset<\/em> . N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd song song. RDD th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong b\u1ed9 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ngo\u00e0i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Hadoop ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t RDD hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t RDD m\u1edbi th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean RDD thay v\u00ec d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1c. Spark Core tri\u1ec3n khai kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i, theo d\u00f5i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n

Spark chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ed3 th\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chu tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/em> (DAG). Trong DAG, m\u1ed9t n\u00fat bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t RDD, trong khi m\u1ed7i c\u1ea1nh bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Spark s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n l\u1eadp l\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c thi \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u00fat c\u1ee5m.<\/p>\n

DataFrame t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng RDD. N\u00f3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp RDD th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. DataFrame c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Spark s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb<\/em> cho ph\u00e9p truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 song song. Ch\u00fang cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n l\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n qua c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Spark s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Catalyst<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch truy v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u00e3 byte Java. Catalyst ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 Spark, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n SQL v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd lu\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i Spark t\u1eeb trang t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng Spark<\/a> . N\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Java Virtual Machine<\/em> (JVM) v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Hadoop. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty hi\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Kubernetes \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Spark. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, Spark cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/a> , bao g\u1ed3m thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ebfm t\u1eeb v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m m\u1eabu cho c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Apache Spark<\/a><\/h2>\n

Apache Spark \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao v\u00ec hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng phong ph\u00fa. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n