{"id":34871,"date":"2024-08-14T10:24:32","date_gmt":"2024-08-14T03:24:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jupitek.maudemo.vip\/index.php\/2024\/08\/14\/how-to-process-streams-using-kafka\/"},"modified":"2024-08-14T10:24:32","modified_gmt":"2024-08-14T03:24:32","slug":"how-to-process-streams-using-kafka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jupitek.maudemo.vip\/index.php\/2024\/08\/14\/how-to-process-streams-using-kafka\/","title":{"rendered":"X\u1eed l\u00fd lu\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng Kafka"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 Apache Kafka v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Kafka. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea9y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn Kafka, n\u01a1i tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Sau \u0111\u00f3, Kafka cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"what-is-apache-kafka\">Apache Kafka l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linode.com\/docs\/guides\/use-apache-kafka-to-process-streams\/#what-is-apache-kafka\"><\/a><\/h2>\n<p>Apache Kafka l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i bus nh\u1eafn tin c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cao d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng nh\u1eadt k\u00fd cam k\u1ebft. N\u00f3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ghi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd ch\u1ec9 g\u1eafn th\u1ebb tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea7u ra. Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng Kafka ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<p>Kafka c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p, sau \u0111\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p ch\u00fang cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. N\u00f3 t\u00e1ch ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 vi m\u00f4 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p logic kinh doanh v\u00e0 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n<p>API c\u1ee7a Kafka \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng T\u1ec7p l\u01b0u tr\u1eef Java (JAR) ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n g\u1eafn Kafka v\u00e0o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb Kafka. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4, v\u00ec v\u1eady r\u1ea5t \u00edt qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd di\u1ec5n ra b\u00ean trong Kafka. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 h\u00f3a. M\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec1u vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch, v\u1edbi Kafka l\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<p>Trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 k\u00e9p l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp theo, c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd kh\u00e1c trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh pub\/sub. C\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn do ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng truy xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o m\u1edbi do Kafka t\u1ea1o ra cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tin nh\u1eafn kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p Kafka tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef nh\u1eadt k\u00fd b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kinh doanh kh\u00e1c nhau trong su\u1ed1t chu k\u1ef3 giao d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n<p>Kafka \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. N\u00f3 r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho D\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn, giao d\u1ecbch \u0111a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, t\u00edch l\u0169y &amp; x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u1eadt k\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo d\u00f5i giao d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin, h\u00e3y xem&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linode.com\/docs\/guides\/what-is-apache-kafka\/\">Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Apache Kafka<\/a>&nbsp;.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"the-kafka-pubsub-model-and-terminology\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Pub\/Sub c\u1ee7a Kafka v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linode.com\/docs\/guides\/use-apache-kafka-to-process-streams\/#the-kafka-pubsub-model-and-terminology\"><\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Kafka s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linode.com\/docs\/guides\/what-is-pub-sub\/\">Publisher-Subscriber<\/a>&nbsp;(pub\/sub). Trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng publisher, cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng subscriber, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>Trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh pub\/sub, Kafka g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>broker<\/em>&nbsp;. Th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t&nbsp;<em>broker d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u<\/em>&nbsp;. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u broker \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i, d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng, b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n sao d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng<\/em>&nbsp;.<\/p>\n<p>Kafka nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/em>&nbsp;, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng&nbsp;<em>ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/em>&nbsp;. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng truy xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c&nbsp;<em>s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/em>&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u0103m d\u00f2 Kafka trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 h\u00f3a sau khi Kafka nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p trong ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Kafka. Sau \u0111\u00f3, Kafka x\u1eed l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nh\u1eadt k\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng truy c\u1eadp.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a Kafka l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>Zookeeper<\/em>&nbsp;. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi Kafka. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c API v\u00e0 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Kafka.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"kafka-concepts\">Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Kafka<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linode.com\/docs\/guides\/use-apache-kafka-to-process-streams\/#kafka-concepts\"><\/a><\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng producer v\u00e0 consumer truy c\u1eadp Kafka theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh client\/server. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng producer v\u00e0 consumer l\u00e0 c\u00e1c client, trong khi kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef log c\u1ee7a Kafka ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 server.<\/p>\n<p>Producer g\u1eedi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>lu\u1ed3ng<\/em>&nbsp;, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt h\u00e0ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u SQL. C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn Kafka b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng producer tu\u00e2n theo \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang v\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng khi Kafka c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u GPS, giao d\u1ecbch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Thay v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103m d\u00f2 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi n\u00e0y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn Kafka khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"kafka-streams\">Lu\u1ed3ng Kafka<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linode.com\/docs\/guides\/use-apache-kafka-to-process-streams\/#kafka-streams\"><\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Kafka Streams l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch (&nbsp;<code>KStream<\/code>) m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh pub\/sub s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 si\u00eau nh\u1ecf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5m Kafka. C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u1eb7p kh\u00f3a-gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng hai c\u1ed9t trong thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u SQL.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n KStream ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng KStream, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 Kafka b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng&nbsp;<code>KStreamBuilder()<\/code>. KStream x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3n ghi, trong khi KTable ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. KTable \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng nh\u1eadt k\u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t cho t\u1eebng kh\u00f3a. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 cho &#8220;b\u1ea3ng&#8221;, KTable gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i, quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u00ecm gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>Kafka s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng log-append \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. M\u1ed7i th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p m\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u1ed7i th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng SQL duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3ng l\u00e0m b\u1ed9 t\u00edch l\u0169y, cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Kafka kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1o tin nh\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u0103m d\u00f2 tin nh\u1eafn.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"kafka-brokers\">Nh\u00e0 m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi Kafka<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linode.com\/docs\/guides\/use-apache-kafka-to-process-streams\/#kafka-brokers\"><\/a><\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n Kafka \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>broker<\/em>&nbsp;. Kafka \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u1edbi t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u ba th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a. C\u00e1c broker Kafka \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>c\u1ee5m<\/em>&nbsp;Kafka . C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee5m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai tr\u00ean Kubernetes, Docker, VM ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tri\u1ec3n khai n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p><em>Producers<\/em>&nbsp;l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 g\u1eedi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn broker d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u. Theo m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Kafka l\u1eafng nghe c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u1ed5ng TCP&nbsp;<code>9092<\/code>c\u1ee7a phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n broker \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u1ed5ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n bootstrap \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Publisher s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o. Kafka ghi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0o kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh theo tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, theo c\u1eb7p kh\u00f3a-gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. C\u00e1c kh\u00f3a l\u00e0 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o\/ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u00e0 m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi ch\u00ednh, m\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng cho m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1, c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi&nbsp;<em>theo sau<\/em>&nbsp;sao ch\u00e9p c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng t\u1eeb kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao ch\u00e9p tr\u00ean c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n nh\u00e0 m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi theo ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1edfi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Producer d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u00f3a s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Producer.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng th\u0103m d\u00f2 broker d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 trong nh\u1eadt k\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>Tin nh\u1eafn trong c\u1ee5m Kafka \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u broker v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng theo c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m. Th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng giao d\u1ecbch, dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u sao ch\u00e9p.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"zookeeper\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng coi v\u01b0\u1eddn th\u00fa<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linode.com\/docs\/guides\/use-apache-kafka-to-process-streams\/#zookeeper\"><\/a><\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Zookeeper v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m Kafka. M\u1ed7i broker c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Zookeeper kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Kafka broker.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Zookeeper giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Zookeeper kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i broker \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea7u ra m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o khi giao ti\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o broker c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ee3p l\u00fd khi broker v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<p>Kafka theo d\u00f5i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u0103m d\u00f2 nh\u00e0 m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng, bao g\u1ed3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb, nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 hai. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u0103m d\u00f2 Kafka v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Kafka s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf nh\u1ecbp tim \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t t\u00ednh ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb. N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t chu\u1ed7i nh\u1eadt k\u00fd v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<p>Producers v\u00e0 consumer c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi Kafka \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9. C\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n ghi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb consumer c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103m d\u00f2 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>Quy tr\u00ecnh Zookeeper qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i, b\u00ed m\u1eadt x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn trong khi l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ed7i trong c\u1ee5m. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ed5ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ZooKeeper.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"kafka-events\">S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n Kafka<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linode.com\/docs\/guides\/use-apache-kafka-to-process-streams\/#kafka-events\"><\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Kafka nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t Publisher, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>lu\u1ed3ng<\/em>&nbsp;. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Publisher g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee5m Kafka tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c broker kh\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 h\u00f3a khi v\u00e0o Kafka v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee7y tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 h\u00f3a khi tho\u00e1t. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n (Ser\/Des) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng qua h\u00e0m . Xem t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/kafka.apache.org\/10\/documentation\/streams\/developer-guide\/datatypes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 h\u00f3a<\/a><code>Serdes()<\/code>&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Kafka&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1&nbsp;h\u00e0m.<a href=\"https:\/\/kafka.apache.org\/10\/documentation\/streams\/developer-guide\/datatypes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a><code>Serdes()<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, c\u1ee5m s\u1ebd c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ee5m, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea7u ra m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1edbi trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ee5m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng l\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a c\u00f9ng&nbsp;<code>Serdes()<\/code>c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m t\u1ea1o ra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"kafka-producers\">Nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Kafka<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linode.com\/docs\/guides\/use-apache-kafka-to-process-streams\/#kafka-producers\"><\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Producers l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n l\u00ean Kafka. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u00e0o c\u1ee5m Kafka v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch mua tr\u00ean web, tra c\u1ee9u h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho, l\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u00edch nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, th\u00f4ng tin IoT \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00f2a nh\u00e0, giao d\u1ecbch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u GPS.<\/p>\n<p>Khi nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m, c\u1ee5m s\u1ebd ghi l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o nh\u1eadt k\u00fd v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c ghi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>Producers ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m, t\u1ea1o th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ch\u1edd x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb c\u1ee5m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (nh\u1eadt k\u00fd Kafka) \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ghi (s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p) v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao ch\u00e9p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u0103m c\u1ee7a kh\u00f3a trong c\u1eb7p kh\u00f3a-gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"producer-event-messages\">Tin nh\u1eafn s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linode.com\/docs\/guides\/use-apache-kafka-to-process-streams\/#producer-event-messages\"><\/a><\/h4>\n<p>M\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u1ed9t ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f3a<\/li>\n<li>D\u1ea5u th\u1eddi gian bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian thu th\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c th\u1eddi gian t\u1ea1o<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>M\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n Kafka l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p kh\u00f3a-gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u th\u1eddi gian. Kh\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean. Th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng d\u1ea5u th\u1eddi gian khi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft theo nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m JSON v\u00e0 AVRO.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00f3a, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Kafka s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 theo ki\u1ec3u v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a broker. N\u1ebfu cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00f3a, Kafka s\u1ebd b\u0103m kh\u00f3a v\u00e0 modulo c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 s\u1ebd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 cho m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c broker trong c\u1ee5m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh Kafka \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"stream-setup-and-traffic-management\">Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp lu\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linode.com\/docs\/guides\/use-apache-kafka-to-process-streams\/#stream-setup-and-traffic-management\"><\/a><\/h2>\n<p>Lu\u1ed3ng nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Kafka \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i chung: \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103m d\u00f2. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec7m trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o Kafka. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch cho m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. X\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n ra sau khi lu\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o nh\u1eadt k\u00fd Kafka.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Kafka ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0&nbsp;<code>Interface ProducerInterceptor<\/code>. L\u1edbp n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eb7n v\u00e0 t\u00f9y \u00fd s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 Kafka. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c lambda. L\u1edbp n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed1i ch\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00fang v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p kh\u00f3a-gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi tin nh\u1eafn Kafka.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Kafka API cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t lu\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 khi c\u1ea7n, ghi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n<p>Khi c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103m d\u00f2 ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, Kafka s\u1ebd m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi\/ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 giao d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ZooKeeper nhanh ch\u00f3ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh khi n\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u01a1i chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng. Th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i c\u1ee5m thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c broker. Kafka ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i do h\u00e0m Zookeeper k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t trong c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i c\u1ee5m. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/kafka.apache.org\/35\/documentation\/streams\/core-concepts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">n\u00eau b\u1eadt trong API KStreams<\/a>&nbsp;.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"kafka-setup-example\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp Kafka<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linode.com\/docs\/guides\/use-apache-kafka-to-process-streams\/#kafka-setup-example\"><\/a><\/h2>\n<p>Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Kafka \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p (IDE) ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng qua c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Kafka. C\u00e1c IDE nh\u01b0 IntelliJ IDEA c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u1edbp th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Kafka t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Kafka cho c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Java.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 C#, Python v\u00e0 Ruby, c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n cho nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng IDE.<\/p>\n<p>Akamai cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linode.com\/docs\/guides\/how-to-install-apache-kafka-on-ubuntu\/\">c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh Apache Kafka tr\u00ean Ubuntu<\/a>&nbsp;. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb trong h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng Java hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng&nbsp;<code>slf4j<\/code>khung ghi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.slf4j.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n ghi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong Java<\/a>&nbsp;. C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c cho m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch Java Kafka bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&lt;!-- https:\/\/mvnrepository.com\/artifact\/org.apache.kafka\/kafka-clients --&gt;\n&lt;dependency&gt;\n    &lt;groupId&gt;org.apache.kafka&lt;\/groupId&gt;\n    &lt;artifactId&gt;kafka-clients&lt;\/artifactId&gt;\n    &lt;version&gt;3.3.1&lt;\/version&gt;\n&lt;\/dependency&gt;\n\n&lt;!-- https:\/\/mvnrepository.com\/artifact\/org.slf4j\/slf4j-api --&gt;\n&lt;dependency&gt;\n    &lt;groupId&gt;org.slf4j&lt;\/groupId&gt;\n    &lt;artifactId&gt;slf4j-api&lt;\/artifactId&gt;\n    &lt;version&gt;2.0.6&lt;\/version&gt;\n&lt;\/dependency&gt;\n\n&lt;!-- https:\/\/mvnrepository.com\/artifact\/org.slf4j\/slf4j-simple --&gt;\n&lt;dependency&gt;\n    &lt;groupId&gt;org.slf4j&lt;\/groupId&gt;\n    &lt;artifactId&gt;slf4j-simple&lt;\/artifactId&gt;\n    &lt;version&gt;2.0.6&lt;\/version&gt;\n&lt;\/dependency&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Khi ch\u1ea1y, c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n khi c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Kafka. M\u00e3 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Kafka trong&nbsp;<code>org.example<\/code>g\u00f3i, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng&nbsp;<code>slf4j<\/code>khung ghi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>package org.example;\n\nimport org.slf4j.Logger;\nimport org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;\n\npublic class Producer {\n    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(KafkaProducer.class);\n\n    public static void main(String&#91;] args) {\n        log.info(\"This Producer class will produce messages to the Kafka cluster or instance\");\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>L\u1edbp producer \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong&nbsp;<code>main()<\/code>h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Java v\u00e0 n\u00f3 g\u1ecdi&nbsp;<code>slf4j<\/code>logger v\u00e0&nbsp;<code>LoggerFactory<\/code>builder. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y trong&nbsp;<code>main()<\/code>ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>package org.example;\n\nimport org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerConfig;\nimport org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer;\nimport org.slf4j.Logger;\nimport org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;\n\nimport java.util.Properties;\n\npublic class Producer {\n    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Producer.class);\n\n    public static void main(String&#91;] args) {\n        log.info(\"This Producer class will produce messages to the Kafka cluster or instance\");\n\n        \/\/ Kafka producer configuration properties\n        Properties properties = new Properties();\n        properties.setProperty(ProducerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, \"localhost:9092\");\n        properties.setProperty(ProducerConfig.KEY_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class.getName());\n        properties.setProperty(ProducerConfig.VALUE_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class.getName());\n\n        \/\/ Add Kafka producer logic here\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>M\u00e3 n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Kafka.&nbsp;<code>localhost<\/code>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m v\u00ed d\u1ee5, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c T\u00ean mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n (FQDN). G\u1ecdi cho&nbsp;<code>key_serializer<\/code>c\u1ea3 kh\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong c\u1eb7p kh\u00f3a-gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 Kafka l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y&nbsp;<code>send()<\/code>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n b\u1ea3n ghi (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c tin nh\u1eafn) t\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 Kafka:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>producer.send(producerRecord)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>G\u1ecdi&nbsp;<code>send()<\/code>ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a&nbsp;<code>producerRecord<\/code>. Khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac qu\u00e1&nbsp;<code>send()<\/code>tr\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t&nbsp;<code>close()<\/code>ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u1ebd d\u1eebng nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 x\u00f3a b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m tin nh\u1eafn.<\/p>\n<p>Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng&nbsp;<code>send()<\/code>th\u1ee9c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c&nbsp;<code>producerRecord<\/code>gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lu\u1ed3ng, m\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u0103m d\u00f2 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p nh\u01b0&nbsp;<code>for-next<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>do-while<\/code>, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0m\/ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o&nbsp;<code>producerRecord<\/code>\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea9y&nbsp;<code>send()<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c h\u00e0m ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n ghi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t&nbsp;<code>main()<\/code>ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>package org.example;\n\nimport org.slf4j.Logger;\nimport org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;\n\npublic class Consumer {\n    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Consumer.class);\n\n    public static void main(String&#91;] args) {\n        log.info(\"This class consumes messages from Kafka\");\n\n        \/\/ Add Kafka consumer logic here\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a&nbsp;<code>Producer.java<\/code>, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee7y tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 h\u00f3a c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi, v\u00ec Kafka tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 h\u00f3a ch\u00fang khi l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerConfig;\nimport org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer;\n\nimport java.util.Properties;\n\npublic class Consumer {\n    \/\/ Logger and other parts of the class remain the same...\n\n    public static void main(String&#91;] args) {\n        log.info(\"This class consumes messages from Kafka\");\n\n        \/\/ Kafka consumer configuration properties\n        Properties properties = new Properties();\n        properties.setProperty(ConsumerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, \"localhost:9092\");\n        properties.setProperty(ConsumerConfig.KEY_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class.getName());\n        properties.setProperty(ConsumerConfig.VALUE_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class.getName());\n        properties.setProperty(ConsumerConfig.GROUP_ID_CONFIG, \"lotr_consumer_group\");\n        properties.setProperty(ConsumerConfig.AUTO_OFFSET_RESET_CONFIG, \"earliest\");\n\n        \/\/ Add Kafka consumer logic here\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 bootstrap ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3u SerDes c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi m\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 n\u1ebfu trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi Kafka m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch b\u1ea3n ghi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng&nbsp;<code>close()<\/code>ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n t\u1ea1i&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.freecodecamp.org\/news\/apache-kafka-handbook\/#how-to-set-up-the-project\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">freecodecamp.org<\/a>&nbsp;.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"conclusion\">Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linode.com\/docs\/guides\/use-apache-kafka-to-process-streams\/#conclusion\"><\/a><\/h2>\n<p>Apache Kafka \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 nh\u1eadt k\u00fd ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac pub\/sub. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u broker, n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tin nh\u1eafn c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a Kafka \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi nhau. Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o nh\u1eadt k\u00fd Kafka th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eadt k\u00fd nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<p>Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac pub\/sub c\u1ee7a Kafka, t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra, r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 vi m\u00f4. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00e0m th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Kafka \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi kho ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"more-information\">Th\u00f4ng tin th\u00eam<\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1n tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n sau \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cung c\u1ea5p v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang s\u1ebd h\u1eefu \u00edch, nh\u01b0ng xin l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/kafka.apache.org\/35\/documentation\/streams\/core-concepts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">API KStream<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.slf4j.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">M\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n ghi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng trong Java<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n : https:\/\/www.linode.com\/docs\/guides\/use-apache-kafka-to-process-streams\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 Apache Kafka v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Kafka. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea9y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn Kafka, n\u01a1i tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Sau \u0111\u00f3, Kafka cung c\u1ea5p<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":35492,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[101],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34871","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-big-data"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jupitek.maudemo.vip\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34871","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jupitek.maudemo.vip\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jupitek.maudemo.vip\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jupitek.maudemo.vip\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jupitek.maudemo.vip\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34871"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/jupitek.maudemo.vip\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34871\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jupitek.maudemo.vip\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/35492"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jupitek.maudemo.vip\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34871"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jupitek.maudemo.vip\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34871"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jupitek.maudemo.vip\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34871"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}