{"id":34866,"date":"2024-08-12T15:38:53","date_gmt":"2024-08-12T08:38:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jupitek.maudemo.vip\/index.php\/2024\/08\/12\/getting-started-with-pytorch-lightning\/"},"modified":"2024-08-12T15:38:53","modified_gmt":"2024-08-12T08:38:53","slug":"getting-started-with-pytorch-lightning","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jupitek.maudemo.vip\/index.php\/2024\/08\/12\/getting-started-with-pytorch-lightning\/","title":{"rendered":"Getting Started With PyTorch Lightning"},"content":{"rendered":"

Lightning l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4-\u0111un PyTorch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p (IDE). C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi n\u00f3. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh di \u0111\u1ed9ng, cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n sang GPU, t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 PyTorch Lightning cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u00eam.<\/p>\n

Linode cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c g\u00f3i GPU \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a cho \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron (NN) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng GPU RTX 6000 c\u1ee7a NVIDIA. C\u00e1c g\u00f3i GPU c\u1ee7a Linode c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb, dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 GPU.<\/p>\n

PyTorch Lightning c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u00f5i Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) c\u1ee7a Nvidia RTX 6000. C\u00e1c l\u00f5i CUDA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 (c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron. C\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed trong c\u00e1c phi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c phi\u00ean d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean GPU. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e1c t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1eb9o v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 sao ch\u00e9p phi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

PyTorch Lightning l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/h2>\n

PyTorch Lightning l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4-\u0111un c\u1ee7a PyTorch<\/a> , m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 d\u00e0nh cho nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u. PyTorch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Python trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a cho GPU. PyTorch Lightning b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0o PyTorch gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh di \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e3 trong khi v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho ph\u00e9p.<\/p>\n

PyTorch Lightning cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp PyTorch l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. Khung n\u00e0y b\u1ed5 sung kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 m\u00f4-\u0111un v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, PyTorch Lightning b\u1ed5 sung kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng GPU \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 GPU chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Linode. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi PyTorch ho\u1eb7c PyTorch Lightning hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n GPU c\u1ee7a Linode.<\/p>\n

PyTorch Lightning so v\u1edbi PyTorch<\/a><\/h2>\n

C\u00e1c b\u1ed5 sung PyTorch v\u00e0o Python m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd tensor c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi GPU v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc tensor, x\u1eed l\u00fd song song GPU c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi gian m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd ma tr\u1eadn c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd GPU song song c\u1ee7a PyTorch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron.<\/p>\n

Lightning t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea7u ra x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u00f4-\u0111un cho c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhanh, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa PyTorch v\u00e0 Lightning cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c phi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean gi\u1eefa ch\u1eebng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

PyTorch Lightning c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1eadp l\u1ec7nh YAML. C\u00e1c phi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong t\u1eadp l\u1ec7nh YAML \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00e1c phi\u00ean v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Lightning n\u00e2ng cao c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/h2>\n

Khung PyTorch Lightning \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron. N\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau cho tenx\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t (ML). N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm l\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Theo nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, William Falcon, PyTorch Lightning “ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c PyTorch”.<\/p>\n

PyTorch Lightning ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t khi \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i di chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e3 t\u1eeb CPU sang c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n GPU x\u1eed l\u00fd song song. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i khi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. Lightning t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng GPU. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ban \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng CPU gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb ho\u1eb7c GPU c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00edt, sau \u0111\u00f3 di chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng GPU m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e3. M\u00e3 Lightning t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng GPU song song cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Lightning cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c 16 bit. Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p sang t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 sang n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c. Khi so s\u00e1nh ri\u00eang v\u1edbi PyTorch, m\u00e3 Lightning th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p 3 l\u1ea7n. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00f4 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi trong m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec Lightning t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a m\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n GPU, c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, chuy\u1ec3n l\u1ed7 v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng Lightning c\u00f3 t\u00ednh di \u0111\u1ed9ng cao. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ML\/NN c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecdn phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho \u0111\u00fang ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a<\/a><\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t pipeline \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u \u201ch\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0ng\u201d. Ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c sprint<\/em> n\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Agile. Pipeline c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, t\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u01b0u tr\u1eef khi c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

M\u00e3 Lightning \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o mong mu\u1ed1n, m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trung gian. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f4 l\u1eadp c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n

Trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a, nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng gian l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch d\u00e0n d\u1ef1ng. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gian n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Linux ch\u1ea1y PyTorch Lightning. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0129nh ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn n\u1eb1m trong ho\u1eb7c ngo\u00e0i phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u URL, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Linode c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, Linode (ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c th\u00f9ng S3 kh\u00e1c) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i chu\u1ed7i tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n GPU n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1ed5 sung trong quy tr\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tensor l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 d\u00e0n d\u1ef1ng<\/a><\/h3>\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a phi\u00ean v\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Lightning:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o: Thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o<\/strong>B\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ti\u1ebfp theo ph\u1ea3i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u x\u1ea5u l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a phi\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng “v\u00e0o r\u00e1c, ra r\u00e1c”. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c khi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron.<\/li>\n
  2. T\u1ea1o, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00f9ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea3i ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef Linode. Khi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00fa ph\u00e1p ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y qua m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u1ecdc b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
  3. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cho t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u00e1p y v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd ti\u1ebfp theo. C\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn l\u01b0u tr\u1eef l\u00e0 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m trong PyTorch ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u00eam b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi).<\/li>\n
  4. T\u1ea1o m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/strong>Linode gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u1ea1o m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean g\u00f3i GPU Linode.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    C\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng PyTorch Lightning \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u00edt t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u00e0n d\u1ef1ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng PyTorch v\u00e0 Lightning. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n sang phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n GPU Linode khi ch\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n

    V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c, m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Linux \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o sau c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n PyTorch v\u00e0 Lightning m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e3 mong mu\u1ed1n kh\u00e1c. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng s\u1eb5n v\u00e0 d\u00e0n d\u1ef1ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng Linode chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i. Theo t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i l\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Linode \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh s\u1eb5n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron. V\u00ec m\u00e3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd GPU \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf n\u00ean h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i trong quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u00e3 ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 trang b\u1ecb phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Python v\u00e0 PyTorch m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Linode \u00edt t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n sang phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n GPU sau khi c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0n d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c kh\u00f3a SSH c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gieo h\u1ea1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un v\u00e0 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, d\u00f9ng th\u1eed ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

    B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i l\u00ean h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gieo h\u1ea1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng th\u1eed. C\u00e1c t\u1eadp phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m. Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n duy nh\u1ea5t khi t\u1ea3i l\u00ean h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh l\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 n\u0103m gigabyte khi n\u00e9n b\u1eb1ng tar.gz. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed l\u01b0u tr\u1eef cho c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u00ean Linode v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn k\u1ebft t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ea1y khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

    Nhi\u1ec1u phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gieo h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ean phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n duy nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ed9t backplane 40GB \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n GPU Linode, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n

    T\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh l\u01b0u tr\u1eef<\/a><\/h3>\n

    M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n