{"id":34861,"date":"2024-08-12T14:49:29","date_gmt":"2024-08-12T07:49:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jupitek.maudemo.vip\/index.php\/2024\/08\/12\/an-introduction-to-machine-learning-training-and-inference\/"},"modified":"2024-08-12T14:49:29","modified_gmt":"2024-08-12T07:49:29","slug":"an-introduction-to-machine-learning-training-and-inference","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jupitek.maudemo.vip\/index.php\/2024\/08\/12\/an-introduction-to-machine-learning-training-and-inference\/","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Machine Learning: Training v\u00e0 Inference"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>H\u1ecdc m\u00e1y (ML) \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1959, khi&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arthur_Samuel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Arthur Samuel<\/a>&nbsp;, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1eb7t ra thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y. Samuel cho bi\u1ebft h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y \u201cmang l\u1ea1i cho m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng\u201d. Khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i IBM, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u01a1i Checkers, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ecdc m\u00e1y n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (AI). ML cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<p>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1eabu, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o<\/em>&nbsp;, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ML t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 m\u1eabu, \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec3m tin c\u1eady. ML \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi m\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng th\u01b0 r\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"an-introduction-to-training-and-inference\">Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 Suy lu\u1eadn<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linode.com\/docs\/guides\/introduction-to-machine-learning-training-and-inference\/#an-introduction-to-training-and-inference\"><\/a><\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"training\">\u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linode.com\/docs\/guides\/introduction-to-machine-learning-training-and-inference\/#training\"><\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ML nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tensorflow.org\/learn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Google TensorFlow<\/a>&nbsp;,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pytorch.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">PyTorch<\/a>&nbsp;ho\u1eb7c&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/spark.apache.org\/docs\/latest\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Apache Spark<\/a>&nbsp;.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n, c\u00f3\/kh\u00f4ng. Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00f4 t\u00f4, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ea7n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0:&nbsp;<em>H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00f4 t\u00f4 hay kh\u00f4ng<\/em>&nbsp;? \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o d\u1ea1y h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00f4 t\u00f4: l\u1ed1p xe, \u0111\u00e8n pha, c\u1eeda ra v\u00e0o, c\u1eeda s\u1ed5, v.v.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp:&nbsp;<em>c\u00f3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t<\/em>&nbsp;,&nbsp;<em>kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t<\/em>&nbsp;,&nbsp;<em>b\u00e1n gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t<\/em>&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;<em>c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1<\/em>&nbsp;. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>H\u1ecdc c\u00f3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t<\/strong>&nbsp;: Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xem &#8220;c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang&#8221; n\u00ean l\u00e0 g\u00ec khi \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ML.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u00e1n gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t<\/strong>&nbsp;: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n. V\u00ec m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t khi b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh khi t\u1ea1o danh m\u1ee5c t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t:<\/strong>&nbsp;Trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eb1m t\u00ecm ra \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong th\u00f4ng tin. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang. Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u00ecm v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u00fa v\u1ecb trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u1ecdc t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong>&nbsp;: Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 sai s\u00f3t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea7u ra d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u00e0m. \u0110\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i. Th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ML \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deep_learning\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"inference\">Suy lu\u1eadn<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linode.com\/docs\/guides\/introduction-to-machine-learning-training-and-inference\/#inference\"><\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Sau khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 suy lu\u1eadn h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh suy lu\u1eadn h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y, c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh suy lu\u1eadn, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ML \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 \u00f4 t\u00f4 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy ra t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"machine-learning-cloud-vs-on-premises\">H\u1ecdc m\u00e1y: \u0110\u00e1m m\u00e2y so v\u1edbi T\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linode.com\/docs\/guides\/introduction-to-machine-learning-training-and-inference\/#machine-learning-cloud-vs-on-premises\"><\/a><\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 suy lu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u1eed l\u00fd. \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh, v\u1edbi&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linode.com\/docs\/products\/compute\/compute-instances\/get-started\/\">CPU v\u00e0 GPU m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 cao c\u1ea5p<\/a>&nbsp;; trong khi suy lu\u1eadn th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc Instagram thay \u0111\u1ed5i ngo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5. \u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ebfm khi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00edch l\u0169y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m t\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00ean nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y (CSP) l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. B\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00fd l\u1ebd t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u00ec t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u00e0 l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u phong ph\u00fa v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u00e0 kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean mua ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u petabyte d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 mua \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea3ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u1edbi, ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tu\u1ea7n. V\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea1n trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ML d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y mang l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. N\u00f3 chia nh\u1ecf theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean linh ho\u1ea1t<\/strong>&nbsp;: \u0110\u00e1m m\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng theo m\u00f9a ho\u1eb7c th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng. Ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o AI \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3, th\u00ec kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u1edbn th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t<\/strong>&nbsp;: C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y lu\u00f4n mua v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u1ea1n n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng AI t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u01b0 CSP c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/strong>&nbsp;: Trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Khi c\u00f4ng ty n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn. \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, v\u00ec v\u1eady khi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p, c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ML l\u00e0&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linode.com\/docs\/products\/compute\/compute-instances\/plans\/gpu\/\">n\u01a1i GPU th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng<\/a>&nbsp;, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, th\u00ec l\u00fd l\u1ebd cho \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y l\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean GPU cao c\u1ea5p m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u1eeda t\u00e1 l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u01b0a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tips-for-machine-learning-in-the-cloud\">M\u1eb9o cho Machine Learning tr\u00ean \u0110\u00e1m m\u00e2y<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linode.com\/docs\/guides\/introduction-to-machine-learning-training-and-inference\/#tips-for-machine-learning-in-the-cloud\"><\/a><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Khi n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n n\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u00e1y h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y?<\/em>&nbsp;N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y r\u1ebb h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c mua ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<li>Danh s\u00e1ch sau \u0111\u00e2y bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1eb9o b\u1ed5 sung:\n<ul>\n<li>T\u00ecm m\u1ed9t CSP c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh doanh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y n\u1eb1m trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u1edbi ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng khi \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m trong trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u B\u1edd \u0110\u00f4ng trong khi m\u1ecdi ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf B\u1edd T\u00e2y.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ML t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n<li>C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ML v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n. Ch\u00fang lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li>Nhi\u1ec1u khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00ednh to\u00e1n GPU h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. T\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c k\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd 64 bit, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1eadm nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m nh\u1ea5t. Trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n (x\u1eed l\u00fd 32 bit) ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda (16 bit) c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhanh h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u.<\/li>\n<li>H\u00e3y chuy\u1ec3n sang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n lai n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, h\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n. V\u00ec chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y, n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u0169y chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n nhanh h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"more-information\">Th\u00f4ng tin th\u00eam<\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1n tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n sau \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cung c\u1ea5p v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang s\u1ebd h\u1eefu \u00edch, nh\u01b0ng xin l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linode.com\/docs\/guides\/how-to-move-machine-learning-model-to-production\/\">L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linode.com\/docs\/products\/compute\/compute-instances\/plans\/gpu\/\">C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n GPU Linode<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n : https:\/\/www.linode.com\/docs\/guides\/introduction-to-machine-learning-training-and-inference\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u1ecdc m\u00e1y (ML) \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1959, khi&nbsp;Arthur Samuel&nbsp;, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1eb7t ra thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y. Samuel cho bi\u1ebft h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y \u201cmang l\u1ea1i cho m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":35456,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[101],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34861","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-big-data"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jupitek.maudemo.vip\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34861","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jupitek.maudemo.vip\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jupitek.maudemo.vip\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jupitek.maudemo.vip\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jupitek.maudemo.vip\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34861"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/jupitek.maudemo.vip\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34861\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jupitek.maudemo.vip\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/35456"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jupitek.maudemo.vip\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34861"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jupitek.maudemo.vip\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34861"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jupitek.maudemo.vip\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34861"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}