{"id":34860,"date":"2024-08-12T14:48:15","date_gmt":"2024-08-12T07:48:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jupitek.maudemo.vip\/index.php\/2024\/08\/12\/an-introduction-to-apache-kafka\/"},"modified":"2024-08-12T14:48:15","modified_gmt":"2024-08-12T07:48:15","slug":"an-introduction-to-apache-kafka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jupitek.maudemo.vip\/index.php\/2024\/08\/12\/an-introduction-to-apache-kafka\/","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Apache Kafka"},"content":{"rendered":"

Apache Kafka<\/em><\/a> , th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 Kafka, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd lu\u1ed3ng. Kafka \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng xung quanh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, g\u1eedi v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111i t\u1eeb Kafka. Kafka ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ch\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00eam. N\u00f3 linh ho\u1ea1t, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 th\u1ea5p c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. LinkedIn ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Kafka, nh\u01b0ng Apache Software Foundation cung c\u1ea5p phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 Apache Kafka<\/a><\/h2>\n

Kafka c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tri\u1ec3n khai l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. Trong khi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quen thu\u1ed9c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, kh\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, Kafka c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 do h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a Kafka l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n b\u1ea3n ghi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/em><\/a> th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c .<\/p>\n

Trong quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u1eedi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00f3a-gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m Kafka. M\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 broker<\/em> v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i c\u1ee5m th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p cho nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1. M\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c broker trong c\u1ee5m nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00fang v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p nh\u1eadt k\u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1. C\u00e1c t\u1ec7p nh\u1eadt k\u00fd n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 partition<\/em> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng. C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u00fat kh\u00e1c trong c\u1ee5m. C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 consumer sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed7i ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng consumer v\u00e0 producer n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba.<\/p>\n

Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m vi\u1ebft h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y, phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Apache Kafka l\u00e0 2.7.<\/p>\n

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Apache Kafka<\/a><\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. High Throughput:<\/strong> Kafka d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p Kafka x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 th\u1ea5p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/li>\n
  2. \u0110\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao:<\/strong> Kafka c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (ng\u01b0\u1eddi ghi v\u00e0o Kafka) v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng (ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u0103m d\u00f2 Kafka \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u).<\/li>\n
  3. \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n:<\/strong> Kafka l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n theo \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng nh\u1eadt k\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch l\u01b0u gi\u1eef d\u1ec5 tri\u1ec3n khai. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai Kafka tr\u00ean m\u00e1y \u1ea3o, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y.<\/li>\n
  4. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng th\u00eam ho\u1eb7c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c n\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng th\u00eam \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady.<\/li>\n
  5. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Message Broker:<\/strong> B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp nhi\u1ec1u Message Broker Kafka th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 sao ch\u00e9p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n
  6. Th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng:<\/strong> Kafka c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh bao g\u1ed3m Java (ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Kafka), Go, C++, Python v\u00e0 REST API, r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Kafka cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 Kafka Connect<\/em><\/a> (\u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i) v\u00e0 Kafka Streams<\/em><\/a> (\u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd lu\u1ed3ng), c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 truy c\u1eadp. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 tham gia v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n \u00edch m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169 v\u00e0 Kafka cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u API \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Kafka ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho Apache Kafka<\/a><\/h2>\n

    Kafka c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 vi m\u00f4.<\/p>\n